PTSD Training West Virginia. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD for West Virginia Nurses. Mental Health Conditions Common to Veterans. Copyright 2. 01. Wild Iris Medical Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The SNAPIV Teacher and Parent Rating Scale James M. Swanson, Ph. D., University of California, Irvine, CA 92715 Name. Obsessivecompulsive personality disorder OCPD is a personality disorder characterized by a general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive. Multiple Personality Disorder Demons and Angels or Archetypal aspects of the inner self Dr Haraldur Erlendsson Introduction The validity of Multiple. Psychopathy, sometimes considered synonymous with sociopathy, is traditionally defined as a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior. Borderline personality disorder. Additionally, studies indicate that the majority of affective disorders in both males and females occurred after development of PTSD. LEARNING OUTCOME AND OBJECTIVES  Upon completion of this course, you will have increased your understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder and ability to intervene appropriately in assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disorder. Specific learning objectives include INTRODUCTIONThe Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders EMD, 2. It is sometimes summarized as a normal reaction to abnormal events. PTSD is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM 5 as a trauma and stressor related disorder and is the only psychiatric diagnosis along with acute stress disorder that depends on a factor outside the personnamely, a traumatic stressor that is outside the range of usual experience involving actual or threatened death or serious injury or assault to self or others APA, 2. Mayo Clinic, 2. 01. TYPES OF EVENTS LEADING TO PTSDPosttraumatic stress disorder occurs following exposure to a terrifying, stressful, or frightening event or after prolonged traumatic experience. Types of events that can lead to the development of PTSD include Interpersonal violence Childhood physical abuse, witnessing interpersonal violence, physical assault, or being threatened by violence. Sexual relationship violence Rape, childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence. Interpersonal network traumatic experiences Unexpected death of a loved one, life threatening illness of a child, other traumatic event of a loved one. Exposure to organized violence Being a refuge, kidnapped, or civilian in a war zone. Understanding borderline personality disorder continued Treatment and recovery from are triggered and taking responsibility for themselves and. Personality Assessment Inventory Clinical Interpretive Report Page 2 Client Name Christopher Clark Full Scale Profile Plotted T scores are based upon a census. Participation in organized violence Military combat exposure, witnessing death or serious injury, discovering dead bodies, accidentally or purposefully causing death or serious injury to others. Other life threatening traumatic events Life threatening motor vehicle accidents, gas explosions, fires, infectious disease epidemics, radiation, mass casualties, or natural disasters. Source Sareen, 2. EPIDEMIOLOGYPrevalence and Vulnerability. In the United States, 7. Americans age 1. 8 and older have PTSD. Lifetime prevalence of PTSD ranges from 6. PTSD at some point in their lives. According to a study of 3. PTSD Sareen, 2. 01. Sixty seven percent of people exposed to mass violence human caused tragedies have been shown to develop PTSD, a higher rate than those exposed to natural disasters or other types of traumatic events Gradus, 2. Vulnerability is influenced both by the characteristics of the individual as well as those of the event. Traumas that are intentional have been found to be more closely associated with PTSD than those that are unintentional or nonassaultive. The rates of PTSD among men and women are similar following such events as accidents, natural disasters, and the sudden death of a loved one. Men develop PTSD at a higher rate than women following an incidence of rape, even though women experience rape 1. PTSD development, however, is higher in women following events such as molestation and physical assault. Sexual assault is the most frequent type of traumatic event among women with PTSD. Among women who have a history of PTSD, 3. Sareen, 2. 01. 7. PTSD and Military Personnel. Among veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, PTSD has been reported at 2. Veterans and PTSD, 2. The occurrence of PTSD following combat injury has been correlated strongly with the extent of the injury and with the occurrence and severity of a traumatic brain injury. Almost 5. 0 of soldiers with traumatic brain injury meet the criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD Sareen, 2. Among female veterans, the prevalence of PTSD keeps pace with male veterans 2. However, because only 1. VA, where prevalence data is often obtained, as compared to 2. PTSD in female veterans is still unknown NVF, 2. West Virginia ranks 3. In the fiscal year 2. The greatest number of veterans in the state are 6. VA, 2. 01. 6a. PTSD and Suicide. Suicide risk is higher in trauma survivors, and studies show that suicide risk is also higher in persons with PTSD Hudenko et al., 2. Among people who have had a diagnosis of PTSD at some point in their lifetime, approximately 2. Tull, 2. 01. 7. Among United States veterans, current analysis indicates an average of 2. VA, 2. 01. 6b. According to the National Association of Veterans Serving Organizations, 9 of West Virginians were military veterans, and from 2. Beck, 2. 01. 5. ETIOLOGYAlthough PTSD is always triggered by an external event, it may have roots in ones biology as much as experience. Studies have shown there are biochemical, physiologic, and sociocultural causes as well as occupational factors and personal variables involved in the development of PTSD. Neurological Basis of Memory and Trauma. When an individual is experiencing a traumatic event, there is a heightened emotional status and an elevated signal for storage of the event in the memory in an interconnected neural network, and a trauma network is established. This trauma network includes the sensory, cognitive, physiological, and emotional experience and also includes the action or response the person made to it fight or flight. Environmental stimuli such as a noise or a smell or an internal stimulus such as a thought can activate this trauma network later at any given time. At some point, the activation of only a few elements in the network is enough to activate the whole structure, and the activation of the whole structure is thought to be a flashback, one of the cardinal symptoms of PTSD Czeh Fuchs, 2. Pathophysiology. Stress is an essential and normal physiological response to the environment and greatly influences memory. Stress is the number one risk factor in the development of PTSD, and prominent memory disturbances are a central feature of this disorder. Pathophysiological research to date has focused on areas of the brain associated with processing fear and memory. These areas are the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the medial prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate gyrus which is a part of the limbic system involved with the processing of emotions and the regulation of behavior as well as regulating autonomic motor function. Both the hippocampus and amygdala are key elements in human memory. The hippocampus is responsible for the processing and storage of short term memory, and the amygdala is responsible for activities that include emotion and moods and appears to modulate all reactions to events that are important to survival. Neurobiological researchers currently are focused on Structural changes in the brain. The reduction in the size of the hippocampus visible on brain imaging has been found to occur in individuals with chronic or complicated PTSD and is believed to be caused by an overproduction of cortisol. Regulation of the amygdala. The failure of the medial prefrontal anterior cingulated networks to regulate amygdala activity has been found to result in a hyperactive response to threat. An over reactive amygdala can tell the person that what is in reality a safe situation is threatening. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis. The HPA is the major mechanism by which the body responds to stress. Those with PTSD have abnormal levels of stress hormone lower levels of cortisol, higher levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Neurochemical pathways.